Muhammad Ali on the Chicago River, 1966
Photo by Thomas Hoepker
Muhammad Ali was born 79 years ago today.
A former professional boxer, philanthropist and social activist, Ali was considered an American cultural icon.
Originally known as Cassius Clay, he won the world heavyweight championship from Sonny Liston at the age of 22. Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964, subsequently converting to Sunni Islam in 1975.
In 1967, three years after Ali had won the heavyweight championship, he was publicly vilified for his refusal to be conscripted into the U.S. military, based on his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War.
Ali was eventually arrested and found guilty on draft evasion charges. He was stripped of his boxing title, and his boxing license was suspended. Ali was not imprisoned, but did not fight again for nearly four years while his appeal worked its way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, where it was eventually successful.
Ali's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation. Ali would go on to become the first and only three-time lineal World Heavyweight Champion.
Nicknamed "The Greatest," Ali was involved in several historic boxing matches.
Notable among these were three with rival Joe Frazier, which are considered among the greatest in boxing history, and one with George Foreman, where he finally regained his stripped titles seven years later.
Ali was well known for his unorthodox fighting style, epitomized by his catchphrase "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," and employing techniques such as the Ali Shuffle and the rope-a-dope.
Ali brought beauty and grace to the most uncompromising of sports and through his personal excesses of skill and character, he became the most famous athlete in the world. He was also known for his pre-match hype, where he would "trash talk" opponents — often with rhymes.
In 1999, Ali was crowned "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated and "Sports Personality of the Century" by the BBC. In his later years, Ali kept a lower profile as he continued his long-running battle with Parkinson’s disease.
Ali was hospitalized in Scottsdale, Arizona on June 2, 2016, with a respiratory illness. Though his condition was initially described as "fair," it worsened and he died the following day, at the age of 74, from septic shock.